. Term introduced for Antonie de Montchrtien in 1615 and used for the study of the production relations enters the three main divisions of the bourgeois society: the capitalists, the proletarians and the large estate owners. From the displayed one above, Classic School will be given to prominence to the thought of the Classic School in special Adam Smith.2 FisiocratasO classic Liberalism is an ideology that defends the maximizao of the individual freedom by means of the law and right of action. It advocates a society characterized for the free initiative, where the State does not have> 1790), author of Assay on the wealth of the nations laissez-faire, to laissez-passer, laisser-vivre Rocking of the Neoliberalismo, considers that the neoliberalismo is a radicalization of economic liberalism. It is a set of practical and ideas directed toward the construction of an absolutely free society of state interferences, especially in the economic field, also regulating. After terms seen the thought liberal, more specifically of the fisiocrata Adam Smith, we will analyze Article 170 of the Federal.3 Constitution Analysis of article 170 of the FederalO Constitution Brazilian liberalism meets contemplated in the Federal Constitution, although the beddings of the State to be of the Welfare state (articles 1, 3 and 5), however article 173 of the Great Letter establishes limits, as much in what it says respect to the ample freedom, imposing to them controls, as in the case ofthe participation of the State in the economic domain. In> verbis: Art. 1 the Federative Republic of Brazil, formed for the indissolvable union of the States and Cities and the Federal District, consists in Democratic State of Right and has as beddings: IV – the social values of the work and the free initiative; Art. 3 basic objective Constituem of the Federative Republic of Brazil: I – to construct a free society, solidary joust and; III – to eradicate the poverty and the marginalizao and to reduce the social and regional inaqualities; IV – to promote the good of all, without preconceptions of origin, race, sex, color, age and any other forms of discrimination.